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Typical firmware upgrade for any entwork applicance is done via web-interface. The obvious catch in that is, that you need to authenticate, move to a suitable page and upload a file to accomplish that.

In rare cases, hardware has an 'upgrade mode', which allows you to inject a new firmare to the device without any proper authentication. For hacking, this opens a completely new avenue. If one could modify a firmware (and sign it), it would be possible to unlock locked devices, unlock features, or introduce new functionality. Getting the box to the upgrade mode sounds easy: turn power off from the device, keep WPS and Wi-Fi buttons pressed, kick on the power and at a suitable time release the Wi-Fi button. Then normal boot process is stopped and the box will wait for a firmware file to be delivered to it. In reality, it's bit tricky.

Possible to do, but bit tricky. Prerequisites To get the upgrade rolling you'll need following things: • Huawei E5186s-22a router • A computer running Windows 7, 8 or 10 • Administrator permissions for changing TCP/IP settings is required • An ethernet cable to connect the computer to the router's LAN-port • A firmware file to upload, filename will be something like BV7R2C0update_.gz.bin • Multicast Upgrade Tool • This is not publicly available file • Tool's filename is multicast_upgrade_tool.exe, 3354624 bytes • The one I got was packaged into multicast.rar, 1040927 bytes. • SHA-256 sum of multicast_upgrade_tool.exe is 6224fe8fb0ec628a29ade1d7d5fb2db5183bfd43486037d0cdf8c363e8ed8eca • WinRar packing utility from installed and working on your Windows Setup This is what my setup looks like: I didn't have any switches or any other network appliance there, I just hooked the other end of the cable to my laptop and one end to the router. (The car in the bottom corner is optional ) Next thing you'll need to confirm is your firewall software (or Windows built in one). Depending on what you have it may not allow the outgoing traffic.

The definition of upgrade traffic profile is as follows: It is, both initiator and responder are at port 13456. The obvious thing that you need to notice is, that traffic is. My firewall rule is: Make sure you'll allow outgoing traffic to multicast address 224.0.0.119.

For any layman, that looks like just another IP-address, but it isn't one. It is in multicast address range and will be handled differently by TCP/IP-stack. Han l62 manuals. As all you TCP/IP savvy people know, multicast works no matter what your computer's IP-address is. That being said, I still recommend you change the computer's IP-address to network 192.168.8/24 which is used by the E5186.

It is done from control panel (the screen shots are from Windows 10): I didn't bother setting up any DNS-servers there. It will work without. The value of 192.168.8.100 is recommended by Huawei manual, so I used that.

Final setup thing is to make sure your Multicast Upgrade Tool can access WinRAR. On startup this will happen: Just point the file selector to your already installed WinRAR: That's it. That will do for the setup. Update Now this is the time to start practicing the upgrade mode -switch on power up.

First the normal, non-interrupt bootup sequence. It will look like this on your LEDs: Serial console logs indicate, that you'll have 0,850 seconds from power-on to words 'not in router upgrade mode' to be logged. So, I strongly suggest, that you'll keeps WPS and Wi-Fi buttons when you flip the power switch. Your window-of-opportunity to release the Wi-Fi -button is between 0,850 and 1,890 seconds from power-on.